National Repository of Grey Literature 7 records found  Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Methods for fast sequence comparison and identification in metagenomic data
Kupková, Kristýna ; Škutková, Helena (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Předmětem této práce je vytvoření metody sloužící k identifikaci organismů z metagenomických dat. Doposud k tomuto účelu spolehlivě dostačovaly metody založené na zarovnání sekvencí s referenční databází. Množství dat ovšem s rozvojem sekvenačních technik rapidně roste a tyto metody se tak stávají díky své výpočetní náročnosti nevhodnými. V této diplomové práci je popsán postup nové techniky, která umožňuje klasifikaci metagenomických dat bez nutnosti zarovnání. Metoda spočívá v převedení sekvenovaných úseků na genomické signály ve formě fázových reprezentací, ze kterých jsou následně extrahovány vektory příznaků. Těmito příznaky jsou tři Hjorthovy deskriptory. Ty jsou dále vystaveny metodě maximalizace věrohodnosti směsi Gaussovských rozložení, která umožňuje spolehlivé roztřídění fragmentů podle jejich příslušnosti k organismu.
Ecology of Gemmatimonadota
MUJAKIĆ, Izabela
Phylum Gemmatimonadota is a common group present in many natural environments. Yet, this interesting bacterial group is rarely studied. Since its discovery 20 years ago, only six cultured species have been described. Abundances of Gemmatimonadota in various environments are usually low (<1%), with the exception of soils, where they are one of the more abundant phyla. Probably for this reason, at the onset of this work, most of the knowledge about Gemmatimonadota came from studies of soil environments, while information about their ecology in freshwater lakes was missing. An interesting discovery relating to the unexplored diversity of Gemmatimonadota in freshwaters was the isolation of the first phototrophic member of this group, Gemmatimonas phototrophica, which was cultured from a shallow freshwater lake. To learn more about the ecology of Gemmatimonadota in freshwaters, the main focus of this thesis was the analysis of their distribution and diversity in several freshwater lakes, with emphasis on presence of photoheterotrophic Gemmatimonadota. The potential ecological roles of this group, metabolic capabilities and general genomic characteristics have also been addressed, thereby allowing a broader scope comparison with Gemmatimonadota from other environments such as soil, marine waters, or wastewaters.
Metagenomic analysis of animal gut microbioma based on diet
Spanakis, Martin ; Čejková, Darina (referee) ; Bartoň, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the sequencing of the microbiome and its composi- tion. It focuses on the gut microbiome of animals, which differs among animals with different diets. The work describes theoretical knowledge about metagenomic analysis of the microbiome, such as sampling procedures, various sequencing methods and data processing. The practical part of the work includes the preparation of the dataset, which includes the collection of data and their preparation for the following metagenomic anal- ysis. The result of the work is the taxonomic classification of bacterial species in the samples and the analysis of their diversity according to the type of diet of individual animals.
Metagenomic analysis of child gut microbioma
Zourková, Tereza ; Škutková, Helena (referee) ; Bartoň, Vojtěch (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the influence of the metagenome on child growth and the reasons for the usefulness of investigating the consequences of changes in the human intestinal microbiome. It also describes the general problematics of the microbiome and the history of its studies. The composition of the human intestinal microbiome and the connection with the immune system or, for example, hormone production, are also described here. The thesis also contains information on some methods of metagenome analysis, namely microscopic methods using previous cultivation, mass spectrometry and sequencing methods. The data analysis procedure using various bioinformatics software, with which the data were appropriately pre-processed, is also described here. Filtered data in this way are ready for the following metagenome profiling, which is also described here. At the end of the thesis, the profiling results are evaluated, based on which the course of changes in the microbiome during the aging of the child are estimated, which is the main goal of this bachelor's thesis.
Alignment-free Visualization of Metagenomic Data by Genomic Signal Processing
Kupková, Kristýna
Alignment-free visualization of metagenomic data without prior knowledge about organism composition is one of the major issues in metagenomic bioinformatics. Such a visualization method must place fragments from one organism in close proximity to each other, be reproducible and with rapidly increasing amount of data also work ideally in linear time. A novel technique fulfilling all of these requirements is introduced in this paper. The method is based on transformation of genomic sequence into phase signal representation with extraction of three Hjorth’s descriptors forming three dimensional space for visualization.
Application of tailor-made enzymes for biosyntheses of beta-lactam antibiotics
Schneiderová, Michaela ; Kyslík, Pavel (advisor) ; Vopálenská, Irena (referee)
Nowadays beta-lactam antibiotics are widely used as bacteriostatic agents. The chemical synthesis of antibiotics or its derivatives could be replaced with biocatalysis. This work deals with basics of industrial synthesis beta-lactam antibiotics and, mainly, with used enzymes. This work acquainted with methodes used in enzyme modifications and improving, so they could fit the best for the industrial syntheses.
Methods for fast sequence comparison and identification in metagenomic data
Kupková, Kristýna ; Škutková, Helena (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Předmětem této práce je vytvoření metody sloužící k identifikaci organismů z metagenomických dat. Doposud k tomuto účelu spolehlivě dostačovaly metody založené na zarovnání sekvencí s referenční databází. Množství dat ovšem s rozvojem sekvenačních technik rapidně roste a tyto metody se tak stávají díky své výpočetní náročnosti nevhodnými. V této diplomové práci je popsán postup nové techniky, která umožňuje klasifikaci metagenomických dat bez nutnosti zarovnání. Metoda spočívá v převedení sekvenovaných úseků na genomické signály ve formě fázových reprezentací, ze kterých jsou následně extrahovány vektory příznaků. Těmito příznaky jsou tři Hjorthovy deskriptory. Ty jsou dále vystaveny metodě maximalizace věrohodnosti směsi Gaussovských rozložení, která umožňuje spolehlivé roztřídění fragmentů podle jejich příslušnosti k organismu.

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